Proudhon’un temel d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesi, adalettir. Proudhon’daki adalet d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesi, bireysel s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 a\u015fmakta, toplumsal ya\u015fam\u0131 kapsamaktad\u0131r. Yaln\u0131z onun s\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fc etti\u011fi adalet, daha \u00e7ok, tanr\u0131sal adalet olarak belirmektedir.. “Toplumlar\u0131 y\u00f6neten bu adalettir, siyasal ya\u015fam\u0131n merkezi de odur.” Proudhon, bu adaletin gereklerinden hareket ederek \u00f6zel m\u00fclkiyete kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kar. M\u00fclkiyet insanlar\u0131n zarar\u0131nad\u0131r; \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc i\u015fsizli\u011fi, \u00fcretim fazlas\u0131n\u0131, iflaslar\u0131, y\u0131k\u0131mlar\u0131 o do\u011furur. Proudhon, bir yandan \u00f6zel m\u00fclkiyete kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131karken bir yandan da, kollektif m\u00fclkiyet kavram\u0131n\u0131 ele\u015ftirir. Ona g\u00f6re, liberal rejimde g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fcler zay\u0131flar\u0131 s\u00f6m\u00fcrmekte, kom\u00fcnist rejimde ise zay\u0131flar g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fcleri ezmektedir. \u00d6yleyse m\u00fclkiyet olmamal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Proudhon’a g\u00f6re, birbirlerinin \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fcklerine sayg\u0131l\u0131 insanlar aras\u0131ndaki tek ili\u015fki \u00f6zg\u00fcr bi\u00e7imde yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f bir s\u00f6zle\u015fmenin getird\u011fi zorunluluklara dayanan ili\u015fkidir. Kendi hukuk kurallar\u0131na g\u00f6re kurulmu\u015f olan ve bireylerin yetkisini a\u015fan devlet her t\u00fcrl\u00fc me\u015fru temelden yoksundur. Zaten otorite demek bask\u0131 demektir; \u00fcst\u00fcn iktidar demek, mutlak iktidar demektir. Bu b\u00f6yle kabul edilince otoritenin savunucular\u0131 ister tutucu olsunlar ister sosyalist bunun o kadar \u00f6nemi yoktur. Proudhon “insan\u0131n insan taraf\u0131ndan y\u00f6netilmesi k\u00f6leliktir” der ve ekler “parti olmamal\u0131, otorite olmamamal\u0131, bunlar\u0131n yerine insan\u0131n ve yurtta\u015f\u0131n mutlak \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc olmal\u0131”. Bu s\u00f6zler Proudhon’un anar\u015fizmini a\u00e7\u0131k sa\u00e7\u0131k ortaya koyan \u00f6rneklerdir.<\/p>\n
Proudhon’un iddial\u0131 anar\u015fizmi, m\u00fclkiyet konusunda yazd\u0131klar\u0131ndan da anla\u015f\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi temelsiz de\u011fildir. Anar\u015fi “pozitif”tir. Bu anar\u015fide “\u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck, d\u00fczenin k\u0131z\u0131 de\u011fil, d\u00fczenin anad\u0131d\u0131r”.<\/p>\n
Proudhon ya\u015fam\u0131n temel kural\u0131 olarak kar\u015f\u0131tl\u0131\u011f\u0131, uzla\u015fmazl\u0131\u011f\u0131 al\u0131r. Hegel’in \u00e7eli\u015fkilerin bir sentezde \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmlendi\u011fi konusundaki d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesine kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kar. Proudhon “kar\u015f\u0131tl\u0131k \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmlenmez” der. Ona g\u00f6re devlet, birbirine kar\u015f\u0131 toplumsal g\u00fc\u00e7lere egemen olmak i\u00e7in b\u00fct\u00fcn \u00f6zel giri\u015fimleri yok etmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaktad\u0131r. Oysa her t\u00fcrl\u00fc d\u0131\u015f m\u00fcdahaleden, koruyucudan kurtulmu\u015f bir toplumda denge kurulabilir. Pozitif Anar\u015fi iktisad\u0131n siyasete \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ile sa\u011flanacakt\u0131r, h\u00fck\u00fcmet iktisadi organizma i\u00e7inde eriyip yok olacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Proudhon, ailenin, t\u00f6relerin ate\u015fli savunucusudur. T\u00f6relerin dokunulmazl\u0131\u011f\u0131, evlili\u011fin kutsall\u0131\u011f\u0131, ailenin d\u00fczeni s\u00f6z konusu oldu\u011funda tutucudur. “Aile kurumuna yap\u0131lan her sald\u0131r\u0131 adalete kar\u015f\u0131, halka, \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe ve devrimme bir sald\u0131r\u0131d\u0131r” der. Burjuvaziyi, ahlak\u0131 elinde tuttu\u011fu i\u00e7in de\u011fil, onu \u00f6z\u00fcnden ay\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in ele\u015ftirir ve aileyi k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc i\u00e7in su\u00e7lar.<\/p>\n
\u00d6te yandan adalete olan sars\u0131lmaz inanc\u0131 onu \u015fiddete dayanan bir devrim \u00f6nermekten de al\u0131koyar. Pozitif Anar\u015fizm bar\u0131\u015f\u00e7\u0131 bir evrimcili\u011fi \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fcr. Proudhon “kendi olanaklar\u0131m\u0131z \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcs\u00fcnde adaleti ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirerek bu evrimi h\u0131zland\u0131rmak bizim elimizdedir” der.<\/p>\n
Etkisi derin ve uzun s\u00fcreli olan Proudhon “Anar\u015fizmin babas\u0131” ve en etkili temsilcisi say\u0131l\u0131r. Proudhon’un bireysel \u00f6zerklik savunusu hala etkisini duyurmaktad\u0131r. Marks\u00e7\u0131l\u0131\u011fa kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kanlar i\u00e7in Proudhon’un d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnceleri dayanak olmu\u015ftur. Proudhon, sentezin kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131na dengeyi, zorlaman\u0131n kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131na \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc koyarak Karl Marks’tan ayr\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Geli\u015fim Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, Devrimler ve Kar\u015f\u0131devrimler Ansiklopedisi’nden al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/small><\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Proudhon’un temel d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesi, adalettir. Proudhon’daki adalet d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesi, bireysel s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 a\u015fmakta, toplumsal ya\u015fam\u0131 kapsamaktad\u0131r. Yaln\u0131z onun s\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fc etti\u011fi adalet, daha \u00e7ok, tanr\u0131sal adalet olarak belirmektedir.. “Toplumlar\u0131 y\u00f6neten bu adalettir, siyasal ya\u015fam\u0131n merkezi de odur.” Proudhon, bu adaletin gereklerinden hareket ederek \u00f6zel m\u00fclkiyete kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kar. M\u00fclkiyet insanlar\u0131n zarar\u0131nad\u0131r; \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc i\u015fsizli\u011fi, \u00fcretim fazlas\u0131n\u0131, iflaslar\u0131, y\u0131k\u0131mlar\u0131 o do\u011furur.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[11],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-539","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-proudhon"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.karasite.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/539","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.karasite.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.karasite.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.karasite.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.karasite.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=539"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.karasite.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/539\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.karasite.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=539"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.karasite.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=539"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.karasite.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=539"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}